Conclusion

Two processes have converged in the past few years. Whether in despair over the possibility of integration into the State or as the maturation of a socio-political process that involves chiefly the crystallization of a collective identity, a political disillusionment has taken place among the Arab citizens. The idea that Arab citizens can depend only on themselves and should not expect things to improve as a result of partnerships with the Zionist political parties or by lobbying government officials has become legitimate.

Developments in the civic culture of the Jewish population in the 1990s were also indicative of change. The boundaries of public discourse expanded somewhat, and although they are still dictated by the Jewish majority, they allow in clearer, independent statements by Arab citizens. Barak’s victory in the 1999 elections gave many people, both Arabs and Jews, a sense that the window of opportunity which had been reopened to peace accords, would allow for a change in civic attitudes within Israel.

After three years of budgetary drought and stagnation or retreat in most areas, the Barak government’s victory in the elections evoked high expectations also among the leaders of the Arab population. Although the gap between expectations and the reality on the day after the elections was soon discovered, the Arab citizenry is no longer the same as in the past due to the process previously mentioned: the style and nature of activity of the Arab Knesset members is fundamentally different from that of the past; Arab students speak to the Channel 1 television cameras in Arabic, as an expression of independence and separation from the Jewish citizens; and Arab associations are challenging the political system via the judiciary.

It would seem that the balance of power between majority and minority is now taking on a new character and challenging both sides to reposition themselves in light of the developments. We hope this report contributes to decision-makers, who can use it to broaden the scope of their judgment; to public leaders, who can use it to rethink issues; and to the people, who can reexamine their values and wishes in light of the actual situation.

It appears that a window of opportunity for changing civic attitudes in Israel has indeed opened. Great strength is required to fully open this window in order to that adopting a policy of civic equality is in the best interests of all citizens of Israeli. The power to change the reality is the hands of both the government, however the power to change the government’s approach is in the hands of the citizens.

The various non-governmental agencies fulfill a vital role in this endeavour, and we are proud to take part in it.